VirtManager: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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= Links =
= Links =
* Befehl virsh: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/Fedora/12/html/Virtualization_Guide/chap-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_virsh.html
* Befehl virsh:  
** https://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/Fedora/12/html/Virtualization_Guide/chap-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_virsh.html
** https://libvirt.org/sources/virshcmdref/html-single/
* [[FirewallD]]
 
= Links =
* virsh Referenz: https://libvirt.org/sources/virshcmdref/html-single


= Beschreibung =
= Beschreibung =
VirtManager ist eine Software, die die Verwaltung von virtuellen Maschinen (mittels KVM) mittels graphischer Oberfläche erlaubt.
VirtManager ist eine Software, die die Verwaltung von virtuellen Maschinen (mittels KVM) mittels graphischer Oberfläche erlaubt.
= Kommandos =
<pre>
# show the guests:
virsh list
# Start the VM:
virsh start alfa
# stop the VM alfa
virsh destroy alfa
# Autostart festlegen / aufheben
virsh autostart alfa [--disable]
virsh net-list
virsh net-dumpxml vmnet
virt-install --name=alfa --vcpus=4 --memory=1024 --cdrom=/opt/iso/debian-10.1.0-amd64-netinst.iso --disk path=/media/vm-images/vm-alfa,size=20 --os-type=Linux --os-variant=debian8
</pre>


= Netzwerk aufbauen Host und VMs =
= Netzwerk aufbauen Host und VMs =
Zeile 15: Zeile 38:
<network>
<network>
   <name>$NETNAME</name>
   <name>$NETNAME</name>
   <ip address='10.10.10.1' netmask='255.0.0.0'>
   <ip address='10.10.10.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
     <dhcp>
     <dhcp>
       <range start='10.10.10.20' end='10.10.10.99' />
       <range start='10.10.10.20' end='10.10.10.99' />
Zeile 27: Zeile 50:
# Alle Netze auflisten:
# Alle Netze auflisten:
virsh net-list
virsh net-list
#
</pre>
</pre>


Zeile 41: Zeile 65:
   <model type='virtio'/> <-- This line is optional.
   <model type='virtio'/> <-- This line is optional.
</interface>
</interface>
</pre>
== DHCP konfigurieren ==
<pre>
virsh  net-list
virsh  net-edit  $NETWORK_NAME
</pre>
<pre>
* folgende Sequenz anpassen:
<dhcp>
  <range start='10.10.10.10' end='10.10.10.99'/>
  <host mac='52:54:00:6c:3c:01' name='vm100' ip='10.10.10.100'/>
  <host mac='52:54:00:6c:3c:02' name='vm101' ip='10.10.10.101'/>
</dhcp>
</pre>
* die Änderungen stehen dann in /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/$NETWORK_NAME.xml (wird generiert)
<pre>
# DHCP-Dienst informieren (Änderungen aktivieren):
killall -s SIGHUP dnsmasq
# Wenn das nicht reicht: Achtung: alle VMs in diesem Netz werden offline, evt. Neustart notwendig
virsh net-destroy $NETWORK_NAME
virsh net-start $NETWORK_NAME
</pre>
* im laufenden Betrieb hinzufügen,
<pre>
# IP4: --parent-index 0
virsh net-update $NETWORK_NAME add-last ip-dhcp-host \
      '<host mac="52:54:00:6f:78:f3" ip="10.10.10.101"/>' \
      --live --config --parent-index 0
</pre>
= Diverses =
== Spice-Zugriff auf VM ==
* virsh edit alfa
<pre>
<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>fedora25</name>
  <uuid>ae4e5582-492a-4292-8da2-48320a7816e6</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
  <graphics type='spice' port='5900' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0' passwd='password'>
    <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
  </graphics>
  <sound model='ac97'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
  </sound>
  <video>
      <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='32768' heads='1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
</domain>
</pre>
= NAT mit "Routed network" =
<pre>
# MAC generieren:
ADDR=$(hexdump -vn3 -e '/3 "52:54:00"' -e '/1 ":%02x"' -e '"\n"' /dev/urandom)
52:54:00:7e:27:af
# Create a dummy network
BRIDGE=virbr10
IP_PREFIX=10.10.10
ip link add $BRIDGE address $ADDR type dummy
# Create a virtual bridge
brctl addbr $BRIDGE
brctl stp $BRIDGE on
ip address add $IP_PREFIX.1/24 dev $BRIDGE broadcast $IP_PREFIX.255
# Implement NAT with iptables
FN_NAT=/tmp/nat.rules
cat <<EOS >$FN_NAT
# This format is understood by iptables-restore. See `man iptables-restore`.
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
# Do not masquerade to these reserved address blocks.
-A POSTROUTING -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -d 224.0.0.0/24 -j RETURN
-A POSTROUTING -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -d 255.255.255.255/32 -j RETURN
# Masquerade all packets going from VMs to the LAN/Internet.
-A POSTROUTING -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 ! -d $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -p tcp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 ! -d $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -p udp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 ! -d $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
COMMIT
EOS
FN_FILTER=/tmp/filter.rules
cat <<EOS >$FN_FILTER
# This format is understood by iptables-restore. See `man iptables-restore`.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
#... snipped ...
# Allow established traffic to the private subnet.
-A FORWARD -d $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -o $BRIDGE -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# Allow outbound traffic from the private subnet.
-A FORWARD -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -i $BRIDGE -j ACCEPT
# Allow traffic between virtual machines.
-A FORWARD -i $BRIDGE -o $BRIDGE -j ACCEPT
# Reject everything else.
-A FORWARD -i $BRIDGE -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A FORWARD -o $BRIDGE -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
#... snipped ...
COMMIT
EOS
</pre>
</pre>

Aktuelle Version vom 14. Oktober 2019, 05:59 Uhr


Links[Bearbeiten]

Links[Bearbeiten]

Beschreibung[Bearbeiten]

VirtManager ist eine Software, die die Verwaltung von virtuellen Maschinen (mittels KVM) mittels graphischer Oberfläche erlaubt.

Kommandos[Bearbeiten]

# show the guests:
virsh list
# Start the VM:
virsh start alfa
# stop the VM alfa
virsh destroy alfa
# Autostart festlegen / aufheben
virsh autostart alfa [--disable]

virsh net-list
virsh net-dumpxml vmnet

virt-install --name=alfa --vcpus=4 --memory=1024 --cdrom=/opt/iso/debian-10.1.0-amd64-netinst.iso --disk path=/media/vm-images/vm-alfa,size=20 --os-type=Linux --os-variant=debian8

Netzwerk aufbauen Host und VMs[Bearbeiten]

Problem wird [hier beschrieben] 

NETNAME=vmnet
cat <<EOS >/tmp/$NETNAME.xml
<network>
  <name>$NETNAME</name>
  <ip address='10.10.10.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='10.10.10.20' end='10.10.10.99' />
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>
EOS
virsh net-define /tmp/$NETNAME.xml
virsh net-autostart $NETNAME
virsh net-start $NETNAME
# Alle Netze auflisten:
virsh net-list
# 

# alle Namen der laufenden virtuellen Maschinen auflisten:
virsh list
# für alle Gäste:
virsh edit $guestname

<interface type='network'>
  <source network='$NETNAME'/>
  <model type='virtio'/> <-- This line is optional.
</interface>

DHCP konfigurieren[Bearbeiten]

virsh  net-list
virsh  net-edit  $NETWORK_NAME

* folgende Sequenz anpassen:
<dhcp>
  <range start='10.10.10.10' end='10.10.10.99'/>
  <host mac='52:54:00:6c:3c:01' name='vm100' ip='10.10.10.100'/>
  <host mac='52:54:00:6c:3c:02' name='vm101' ip='10.10.10.101'/>
</dhcp>
  • die Änderungen stehen dann in /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/$NETWORK_NAME.xml (wird generiert)
# DHCP-Dienst informieren (Änderungen aktivieren):
killall -s SIGHUP dnsmasq
# Wenn das nicht reicht: Achtung: alle VMs in diesem Netz werden offline, evt. Neustart notwendig
virsh net-destroy $NETWORK_NAME
virsh net-start $NETWORK_NAME
  • im laufenden Betrieb hinzufügen,
# IP4: --parent-index 0
virsh net-update $NETWORK_NAME add-last ip-dhcp-host \
      '<host mac="52:54:00:6f:78:f3" ip="10.10.10.101"/>' \
      --live --config --parent-index 0

Diverses[Bearbeiten]

Spice-Zugriff auf VM[Bearbeiten]

  • virsh edit alfa
<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>fedora25</name>
  <uuid>ae4e5582-492a-4292-8da2-48320a7816e6</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
  <graphics type='spice' port='5900' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0' passwd='password'>
     <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
   </graphics>
   <sound model='ac97'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
   </sound>
   <video>
      <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='32768' heads='1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
</domain>

NAT mit "Routed network"[Bearbeiten]

# MAC generieren:
ADDR=$(hexdump -vn3 -e '/3 "52:54:00"' -e '/1 ":%02x"' -e '"\n"' /dev/urandom)
52:54:00:7e:27:af
# Create a dummy network
BRIDGE=virbr10
IP_PREFIX=10.10.10
ip link add $BRIDGE address $ADDR type dummy
# Create a virtual bridge
brctl addbr $BRIDGE
brctl stp $BRIDGE on
ip address add $IP_PREFIX.1/24 dev $BRIDGE broadcast $IP_PREFIX.255
# Implement NAT with iptables
FN_NAT=/tmp/nat.rules
cat <<EOS >$FN_NAT

# This format is understood by iptables-restore. See `man iptables-restore`.
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
# Do not masquerade to these reserved address blocks.
-A POSTROUTING -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -d 224.0.0.0/24 -j RETURN
-A POSTROUTING -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -d 255.255.255.255/32 -j RETURN
# Masquerade all packets going from VMs to the LAN/Internet.
-A POSTROUTING -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 ! -d $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -p tcp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 ! -d $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -p udp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 ! -d $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
COMMIT
EOS
FN_FILTER=/tmp/filter.rules
cat <<EOS >$FN_FILTER

# This format is understood by iptables-restore. See `man iptables-restore`.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

#... snipped ...
# Allow established traffic to the private subnet.
-A FORWARD -d $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -o $BRIDGE -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# Allow outbound traffic from the private subnet.
-A FORWARD -s $IP_PREFIX.0/24 -i $BRIDGE -j ACCEPT
# Allow traffic between virtual machines.
-A FORWARD -i $BRIDGE -o $BRIDGE -j ACCEPT
# Reject everything else.
-A FORWARD -i $BRIDGE -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A FORWARD -o $BRIDGE -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
#... snipped ...
COMMIT
EOS
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