Dart

Links

• DartAsynchron
• https://codingwithjoe.com/dart-fundamentals-async-await
• https://dartpad.dev

Statements

for (var ix in list) {}
for (int ix = 0; ix < 10; ix++) {}
while (doIt()){ }
do { } while(test());
switch(x) { 
  case '0':
  case 'A': y=3; break;
  case 'B': b=true; continue on_label_c; // Implementierung von "fall through"
  on_label_c: case 'C': y=5; break;
  default: break; 
}
assert(str.isEmpty(), "String muss leer sein"); // nur im Debug aktiv.

Exception

try {
  breedMoreLlamas();
} on OutOfLlamasException {
  buyMoreLlamas();
} on Exception catch (e) {
  print('Unknown exception: $e'); // Anything else that is an exception
} catch (e, stacktrace) {
  print('Something really unknown: $e $stacktrace'); // No specified type, handles all
  rethrow; // throw the same exception again
} finally {
  cleanUp();
}
throw ArgumentError('not an int');
class MyException implements Exception{
  String message;
  MyException(this.message);
}

Class

abstract class BaseLogger {
  int _errors = 0;
  int _level;
  static BaseLogger _lastInstance;
  bool get isSilent => _level == 0; // getter
  set isSilent(bool value) => _level = value ? 0 : 1; // setter
  BaseLogger(this._level); // constructor
  BaseLogger.silent() : this(0); // named constructor, "redirected constructor"
  // abstract function:
  void log(string message);
  void error(string message){ _errors++; log('+++ ' + message); }
  static BaseLogger lastInstance() { return _lastInstance; }
}
class Logger extends BaseLogger {
  String _filename;
  Logger(this._filename) : super(1);
  Logger.silentLogger(this._filename) : super.silent(0); // named constructor
}
...
  var logger = Logger('std.log'), logger2 = Logger.silentLogger('silent.log');
  const logger2 = BaseLogger.lastInstance();

Interface

• Jede Klasse kann Interface sein. Dann muss jede Methode überschrieben werden

class D implements A, B, C {
  @override
  void doIt(){
    // ...
  }
}

Generator

Iterable<int> naturalsTo(int n) sync* {
  int k = 0;
  while (k < n) yield k++;
}

• ... und mit Rekursion:

Iterable<int> naturalsDownFrom(int n) sync* {
  if (n > 0) {
    yield n;
    yield* naturalsDownFrom(n - 1);
  }
}

Map

final map = <String, int>{ 'John': 1, 'Eve': 2 };
final knowsEve = map.containsKey('Eve') && map.containsValue(2);
map.remove('John');
map.removeWhere((k, v) => k.startsWith('J'));
final combinedMap1 = {...map1, ...map2};
map.forEach((k, v) { print('{ key: $k, value: $v }'); });
map.entries.forEach((e) {  print('{ key: ${e.key}, value: ${e.value} }'); });

List

• Indizes: start: inklusiv end: exklusiv

final names = <String>['adam', 'bob', 'charly', 'eve'];
names.add('fred');
ix = names.indexOf('bob'); ix2 = names.indexWhere((item) => item.startsWith('b'), start);
names.remove('bob'); names.removeAt(2);
names2 = names.getRange(2, 3);
name3 = names.sublist(ixStart, ixEnd);
print(names.first + ' ' + names.last);
names.firstWhere( (item) => item.length == 3);
names.replaceRange(1,3, ['john', 'judith']);
final first2Elements = names.take(2);
final allButFirst2Elements = names.skip(2);
names.followedBy(name2); // liefert names und die Iterables name2
names.any((item) => item.length < 3); // irgend ein Element mit der Bedingung
names.every((item) => item.length < 3); // alle Elemente mit der Bedingung
// fold(), reduce(), shuffle(), removeWhere(),
// foreach(), join(), contains()

DateTime

var date = new DateTime.now();

RegExpr

final regExpr = RegExp(r'(\w+)\s*=\s*(\d+)');
final matcher = reDisks.firstMatch(line);
if (matcher != null){
  vars[matcher.group(1)] = int.parse(matcher.group(2));
}

String

Konversion

final count = int.parse("123");

Formatierung

import 'package:sprintf/sprintf.dart';
sprintf("%02d %s", [1, "Hi"]);
print("${new DateTime.now().toString()}: $message\n");

Besonderheiten

• entweder optionale Positionsparameter oder optionale Namensparameter, nicht beide.

String substr(String str, int pos, [int length, bool uppercase]){ ... }
<pre>String substr2(String str, int pos, {int length, bool uppercase, Logger logger}){ ... }
x = substr('Hi world', 3, 2);
y = substr2('Hi world', 3, length:2, logger:logger);

• ..-Operator: Mehrfachzugriff auf voriges Objekt:

var person = Person()..name='Joe'..id=25;
var p = Point(10, -12)..setColor(green)..setWeight(1.22);

• x ??= 5; // Zuweisung nur, wenn x==null
• x ~/ 5 // Ganzzahlige Division
• logger?.log() // Aufruf von log nur, wenn logger!=null

Reflection, Runtime-Info

a.runtimeType